Australia's Climate, Sustainability, and ESG Reporting Requirements and Laws in 2024 - Last Updated: August 22, 2024

On August 22, 2024, a significant milestone was reached in Australia's climate policy as the Senate passed a bill introducing mandatory climate reporting for large and medium-sized companies. The new legislation introduces climate-related reporting requirements broadly aligned with the IFRS Foundation’s International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), including disclosures on climate-related risks and opportunities, as well as greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1, 2, and 3).

This new law marks a major step towards establishing a standardized climate risk disclosure framework for Australian companies.

Australia's new climate reporting bill builds on two consultation papers released by the Australian government in January and June 2023 related to the development of a climate risk disclosure framework for Australian companies and financial institutions.

Climate risk and corporate sustainability reporting has been a major business topic around the world. Certain markets like the EU, UK, and New Zealand have already enacted sustainability and climate disclosure laws, while the US SEC announced its own climate disclosure requirements in 2024 as well. Australia's Treasury Department notes that climate-related risks 'are material to global financial risk', and companies and banks need to start assessing and communicating those risks to investors and other stakeholders:

"To ensure Australia remains aligned with major international capital markets, disclosure obligations need to be credible and comparable to other prominent jurisdictions. They need to provide investors with decision-useful information about the financial risks that firms face from climate change and provide regulators with information to identify and manage systemic risks" - Australian Treasury

According to the announcement, Australia's Treasury is now leading the development of a broad sustainable finance framework for Australia, of which climate-related disclosure will form one part. These new developments are also in-line with the Australian government's net zero emissions target by 2050

Given that the evolution of Australia's climate, sustainability, and ESG regulations and standards can be challenging to track, we’ve prepared this guide to summarize the new standards the Australian government is proposing, and what they mean for organisations in 2024 and beyond.

Key Australian Climate and Sustainability Reporting Standards in 2024

An Overview of Australian Sustainability Reporting and Climate Disclosure Standards

Australia Climate Disclosure & Sustainability Reporting

Australia plans to require specific company-level disclosures from large Australian business and financial entities within their annual financial reporting related to carbon footprint, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and climate risk

"The Government has committed to ensuring large businesses and financial institutions provide Australians and investors with greater transparency and accountability when it comes to their climate-related plans, financial risks, and opportunities. As part of this commitment, the Government will introduce standardised, internationally-aligned reporting requirements for businesses to make disclosures regarding governance, strategy, risk management, targets and metrics – including greenhouse gasses.
Proposed in: 2023, expected to start taking effect in 2025

The goal of Austalian's new climate disclosure standards are to ensure that climate-related financial risks are transparent, well-understood, and reported by Australian companies and financial institutions in a way that's aligned with international standards.

The disclosure proposal is designed around six key principles outlined by the Treasury:

PrincipleDefinition
Support climate goalsClimate disclosure reforms should assist with: Australia’s transition to net zero emissions by 2050; adaptation to a changing climate; and broader efforts and initiatives to promote a sustainable financial system in Australia and internationally.
Improve information flowsReforms should deliver clear improvements in the quantity, quality, and comparability of disclosures, which will help regulators to assess and manage systemic risks and other risks to investors, strengthen transparency and improve the flow of useful information to investors (including what actions are being taken to mitigate risks).
Well-understoodBusinesses, investors, regulators and the public should have a clear and common understanding about obligations for entities to disclose climate-related financial risks. This will require prescription of whom they apply to, how and when they should be made, and clarifying details on content of disclosures.
Internationally alignedNew requirements should, as far as possible, be aligned with international reporting practices, to minimise compliance costs for Australian businesses that operate internationally, and to ensure Australia’s regime is viewed with credibility by international markets.
Scalable and flexibleNew requirements should, where possible, build on the existing financial reporting system, and be scalable and flexible to accommodate future developments in the global baseline for climate and sustainability reporting, to minimise the expected compliance costs and potential for unintended consequences.
Proportional to riskClimate disclosure requirements should be proportional to the risks they seek to address, particularly regarding whom they apply to, what costs those entities will incur, what data or capability they will require and what liability they may enliven.

Under Australia's proposed climate and sustainability reporting standards, disclosures will be mandatory for large, listed businesses (listed entities covered by the Corporations Act 2001), and financial institutions. Under the initial draft, the new legislation also applies to large private companies who provide audited annual financial reports to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) that meet specific size thresholds, starting with companies with over 500 employees, revenues over $500 million, or assets over $1 billion, as well as asset owners with more than $5 billion in assets. Two years later, Australia's climate and sustainability reporting requirements will apply to medium-sized companies with 250+ employees, $200 million+ revenue, or $500 million+ in assets. In year three, the standards will also apply to smaller Australian companies with 100+ employees, $50 million+ revenue, or $25 million+ in assets. Reporting for the first cohort of companies begins in 2025.

Which Australian Companies and Entities Need to Disclosure Climate Information?

Australia's current proposal will requires quoted companies, as well as (eventually), any eligible Australian company with over 100+ employees, $50 million+ revenue, $25 million+ assets. The current implementation timeline is:

All proposed climate disclosure metrics, Scopes 1 and 2 GHG, but excluding Scope 3Scope 3 GHG disclosure
Large entities and public companies (over 500+ employees, over $500 million annual revenue, or assets over $1 billion)Fiscal year 2025 (filed in 2026)Fiscal year 2026 (filed in 2027)
Medium-sized companies (over 250+ employees, over $200 million annual revenue, or assets over $500 million)Fiscal year 2027 (filed in 2028)Fiscal year 2028 (filed in 2029)
Smaller reporting companies (over 100+ employees, over $50 million annual revenue, or assets over $525 million)Fiscal year 2028 (filed in 2029)Fiscal year 2029 (filed in 2030)

How to Comply with Proposed Australian Climate Disclosure Requirements

Australia's current proposal will requires quoted companies to assess, collect, and report the following annual data and disclosures:

  1. Overarching climate risk governance and assessment - Provide climate risk disclosure consistent with the ISSB (IFRS) Sustainability Reporting Standards and TCFD (Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosure), including disclosures related to an entity's climate and ESG governance, strategy, details risks and opportunities and metrics & targets. Many large, listed Australian companies are already reporting in line with TCFD today
  2. Materiality - Australia’s corporate law requires material climate and sustainability risks to be assessed and disclosed using, at a minimum, financial materiality principles
  3. Scope 1, 2 & 3 GHG emissions - Companies must inventory, calculate, and disclose their GHG emissions from direct operations, including 'material' Scope 3 emissions. The June 2023 proposal gives businesses an extra year to implement Scope 3 reporting, and introduces a 3-year transition period for enforcement of disclosures related to scenario analysis, climate transition planns, and Scope 3.
  4. Climate and sustainability targets, offsets, and transition plans - An overview of the entity's quantitative climate and sustainability targets, include any emissions targets, net zero targets, carbon offsets, and other transition plans
  5. Sustainability and ESG KPIs - Key climate, sustainability, and ESG metrics and KPIs that would assist reporting entities and investors to assess climate-related risks and opportunities
  6. Reporting methodology - It's recommended companies use widely recognized independent sustainability reporting standards like the ISSB, GHG Reporting Protocol, and ISO 14064-1:2018

One question Australian regulators leave open for comment is the level of assurance these climate and sustainaiblity disclosures should meet. What level of assurance should be required for climate disclosures, who should provide assurance (for instance, auditor of the financial report or other expert), and should assurance providers be subject to independence and quality management standards?

Timeline for Australian Climate and Sustainability Reporting Standards

Australian regulators note that they want to implement these new standards around the same time as other major financial markets (US, UK, Canada, etc.) so there isn't a lag between what (or when) other global companies are disclosing vs. Australia's.

Because Australian regulators recognize larger entities have more resources to respond to new financial and non-financial reporting requirements, the proposed plan is for large Australian entities to begin reporting in financial year 2024-25, with Australian SME's required to report at a later date (and likely a more streamlined report).

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A Few Helpful Australian Climate Risk Reporting Recommendations

Your Next Steps With Australian Sustainability Reporting

As you can tell from the length of this article alone, there are a lot of new and evolving considerations around Australian and global climate reporting laws and standards going into effect in 2024 and future years. In fairness, it can feel very complex and daunting. However, from a positive perspective:

  • Most of these laws are being phased in over several years
  • Australian regulators recognize they're at the forefront of global economic sustainable transition, still need to confirm many implementation details, and are looking to help Australian companies successfully adopt and implement these changes
  • There's plenty of time to implement the necessary measures, standards, process changes, and reporting capabilities to keep pace - particularly for organisations who are proactive and already investing in these areas (or starting soon)
  • There are lots of existing market resources to help organisations and investors track, manage, and report around these changes more efficiently and effectively, including Brightest's software and services

For organisations in the early stages of their Australian climate, sustainability, and ESG reporting roadmaps (or capability assessments), we have a few general recommendations, additional reading, and suggested next steps:

Materiality assessment - The principle of Materiality is embedded in Australian and most international climate disclosure and sustainability laws, particularly within TCFD and ISSB is the concept of double materiality. Materiality essentially asks and attempts to answer a fundamental question: what are the most important (re: material) ESG, climate, and sustainability risks and considerations for a business or investment? If your organisation hasn't already done so, a materiality assessment can help determine what your top sustainability goals, targets, risks, and priorities should be in relation to regulatory and investor sustainability reporting. In turn, this can help clarify where to focus, what to prioritize, and what aspects of pending or forthcoming Australian and/or international sustainability reporting standards matter most to you.

Understand the laws in depth - A full, in-depth breakdown of each law is outside the scope of this piece, but it is critical that, if your organisation meets Australian climate disclosure criteria, you work with your leadership, directors, legal counsel, auditors, and other stakeholders to learn your organisation's specific obligations under each law.

Sustainability data systems and process - While this might go without saying, in order to report your organisation's climate performance and risk, you need to know what it is - with a high degree of accuracy. Your materiality process can help guide you toward the main sustainability themes you may need to focus on and collect data around. Is employee travel a big source of your organisation's carbon footprint? Facilities? Manufacturing sites? Where does that data exist today, and how will you access or collect it? Many organisations start their sustainability reporting with relatively simple spreadsheets, surveys, and documents, but things can get complex fast - particularly for larger companies. If you're an organisation with a medium-to-large or complex environmental footprint, you likely need dedicated sustainability reporting and data management software, like the kind we design here at Brightest to help organisations stay compliant with reporting requirements in different countries. Ongoing report archiving, version control, audit readiness, and governance are also important to think about, since you'll be reporting every year.

Further reading - Our free guides to sustainability measurement and sustainability reporting provide additional, detailed guidance and insights on how to measure and report your sustainability performance for TCFD and other standards.